The Treasury General Account (TGA) is the U.S. Treasury’s operating cash account at the Federal Reserve. When the TGA balance rises, reserves drain from the banking system. When it falls, reserves flow back. That mechanical shift shows up in short-term…
Author: Alfred Dunn
Inventory accounting methods are the rules a retailer uses to assign a cost to each unit sold. The three main methods—FIFO (first-in, first-out), LIFO (last-in, first-out), and weighted average cost—can produce very different gross margins from the same physical shelves….
A retailer posts a 2.3% jump in gross margin, and the immediate reaction is to assume smarter buying or a surge in demand. Most of the time, the real explanation sits deeper in the financials: the inventory accounting method. For…
Pension fund de-risking is the big, quiet shift by corporate and public retirement plans out of stocks and into long-duration bonds—mostly long-dated corporates and government debt. The playbook is called liability-driven investing, or LDI. The goal is simple: match the…
When a corporate pension plan yanks money out of growth assets and parks it in long-duration bonds, the industry calls it de-risking. One transaction—often kicked off by an accounting tweak or a funded-status trigger—doesn’t just tidy up the sponsor’s balance…
You put $2,500 into a Registered Education Savings Plan in January. The 20% match—a $500 Canada Education Savings Grant—doesn’t show up until late March, maybe even mid-April. That gap isn’t a mistake. It’s the exhaust note of a monthly batch-processing…
Every quarter, the Federal Reserve drops the Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey, and most people scroll right past it. That’s a mistake. The SLOOS isn’t a forecast. It’s a direct report from the people who actually approve or deny your…
You drop $2,500 into a Registered Education Savings Plan in January and figure the 20% Canada Education Savings Grant—$500 per beneficiary, per year—will show up right behind it. It almost never does. The basic CESG match follows its own settlement…
Every quarter, the Federal Reserve drops the Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices—SLOOS, for short. Most people skim past it. But if you want to see how a macro rate shift actually lands on a household balance…
Every swipe, tap, or dip of a credit card triggers a behind-the-scenes fee. It’s called the interchange fee, and it flows from the merchant’s bank to the bank that issued the card. That fee is the raw material for cash-back…
At 2 p.m. ET on a Monday in early February, the Federal Reserve released its latest Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices. Bond traders had repositioned by 4 p.m. Bank equity analysts revised their earnings models by…
The 2015 Shock That Still Shows Up on Your Statement In December 2015, the European Union hammered interchange fees on consumer credit cards down to 0.3% of the transaction value. That single regulatory stroke didn’t just trim a line item…